What neurological side effect is associated with prolonged use of metoclopramide?

Prolonged use of metoclopramide is associated with the development of tardive dyskinesia, a neurological side effect characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements, often involving the face, mouth, and extremities. This condition can arise due to the drug’s dopamine receptor antagonism, which is particularly pronounced with extended use. Metoclopramide is primarily used as an antiemetic and prokinetic agent, but its action on the central nervous system can lead to disturbances in dopamine pathways.

While parkinsonism may also be related to dopamine antagonism and is seen with some antipsychotic medications, tardive dyskinesia is more specifically linked to the chronic use of drugs like metoclopramide. Seizures can occur with various medications, but they are not a well-documented side effect specifically associated with metoclopramide. Headaches could be a related side effect due to various factors, including drug withdrawal or other stresses on the system, but they are not the primary neurological consequence of prolonged metoclopramide use. Therefore, recognizing tardive dyskinesia as the relevant side effect emphasizes the need for careful monitoring and mindful prescribing practices when using metoclopramide long