What is a common adverse effect of the anticholinergic drug hydroxyzine?

Hydroxyzine, an anticholinergic drug, is commonly used for its antihistaminic and anxiolytic properties. One of the notable adverse effects associated with anticholinergic medications, including hydroxyzine, is dry mouth, also known as xerostomia. This occurs because anticholinergic drugs inhibit the action of acetylcholine, which is responsible for stimulating saliva production in the salivary glands. As a result, patients may experience a decrease in saliva, leading to a feeling of dryness in the mouth.

Other side effects of anticholinergic drugs can include constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision, and altered mental status, particularly in older adults. However, dry mouth is a common and hallmark effect due to the drug's mechanism of action, making it a very prominent concern for patients taking hydroxyzine.